Modulating Trapping in Low-Dimensional Lead–Tin Halides for Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Electronics

Chen L, Saleh S, Tavormina F, Di Mario L, Li J, Xie Z, Masciocchi N, Brabec CJ, Koldehofe B, Loi MA (2025)

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2025

Journal

Advanced Materials Wiley

DOI: 10.1002/adma.202414430

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites have drawn great attention for neuromorphic electronic devices in recent years, however, the toxicity of lead as well as the variability and energy consumption of operational devices still pose great challenges for further consideration of this material in neuromorphic computing applications. Here, a 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) metal halides system of formulation BA2Pb0.5Sn0.5I4 (BA = n-butylammonium) is prepared that exhibits outstanding resistive switching memory performance after cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) deposition. In particular, the device exhibits excellent switching characteristics (endurance of 5 × 105 cycles, ON/OFF ratio ≈105) and achieves 90.1% accuracy on the MNIST dataset. More importantly, a novel energy-efficient content addressable memory (CAM) architecture building on perovskite memristive devices for neuromorphic applications, called nCAM, is proposed, which has a minimum energy consumption of ≈0.025 fJ bit/cell. A mechanism involving the manipulation of trapping states through Cs2CO3 deposition is proposed to explain the resistive switching behavior of the memristive device.

Authors with CRIS profile

Zhiqiang Xie Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) (i-MEET)

Involved external institutions

University of Groningen / Rijksuniversiteit Groningen NL Netherlands (NL) University of Insubria / Università degli Studi dell'Insubria IT Italy (IT)

How to cite

APA:

Chen, L., Saleh, S., Tavormina, F., Di Mario, L., Li, J., Xie, Z.,... Loi, M.A. (2025). Modulating Trapping in Low-Dimensional Lead–Tin Halides for Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Electronics. Advanced Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202414430

MLA:

Chen, Lijun, et al. "Modulating Trapping in Low-Dimensional Lead–Tin Halides for Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Electronics." Advanced Materials (2025).

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